As a result, Syria will remain a source of tension in Turkish-Russian relations. Given Ankara's role in Assad's ouster, the fall of Syria's regime further reinforced Moscow's view of Turkey as an ...

Turkey’s dealing with Syria showcases how small-to-middle powers can chart the waters of statecraft in their own way. The days of international affairs being dominated by superpowers appear to ...

By 2016-2017, Turkey had essentially come to terms with Russia’s intensified military intervention in Syria, which helped the Assad regime regain control of much of the country. For all intents ...