Tuscola is a city in Taylor County, Texas, United States. The population was 850 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropoli…Tuscola is a city in Taylor County, Texas, United States. The population was 850 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Abilene, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.7 square mile, all land.